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| Kille, I. (2020) Investigating Wall Stone (1) Introducing the Method. WallCAP, Newcastle University : Newcastle upon Tyne. | |||
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| Filename | Investigating_Wall_Stone_1_Introducing_the_Method.pdf (385 kB) |
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| Description | Introducing the method used to investigate where the Wall stones on Hadrian's Wall have been sourced from and how to recognise them where they have been reused in post Roman buildings. The success of the Stone Sourcing and Dispersal Project, a part of the Hadrian's Wall Community Archaeology Project, is dependant on volunteers discovering the fascination and value of geology in understanding the raw materials - stone and mortar - used to construct Hadrian's Wall. It also requires the volunteers to learn a method to observe and record information about the stone. This guide introduces and summarises this method. It also points to a series of other guides which have been written to give further detail on the method and to further explain how the variation observed in the stones came about from a geological point of view. |
| Kille, I. (2020) Investigating Wall Stone (2) Explaining why geological process creates variation. WallCAP, Newcastle University : Newcastle upon Tyne. | |||
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| Filename | Investigating_Wall_Stone_2_Explaining_why_geological_process_creates_variation.pdf (626 kB) |
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| Description | There are many subtle differences to be observed in the stones which make up Hadrian's Wall, but what caused that variation? In this guide the geological processes that cause this variation are explored. |
| Kille, I. (2020) Investigating Wall Stone (3) Categorising grain sizes and shapes. WallCAP, Newcastle University : Newcastle upon Tyne. | |||
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| Filename | Investigating_Wall_Stone_3_Categorising_grain_sizes_and_shapes.pdf (756 kB) |
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| Description | A detailed description of how grain size and shape vary in sandstones and how to go about observing them. This guide and the next two focus on what may be observed within the Wall stones and how to go about making observations of these different types of rock data. In this guide grain size and shape will be explored in more detail including how to observe and record these variables. |
| Kille, I. (2020) Investigating Wall Stone (4) Categorising Sandstone Minerals. WallCAP, Newcastle University : Newcastle upon Tyne. | |||
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| Filename | Investigating_Wall_Stone_4_Categorising_Sandstone_Minerals.pdf (324 kB) |
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| Description | A detailed description of the different types of minerals to be found in sandstones and how to go about observing them. This guide is the second of three guides focussing on what may be observed within the Wall stones and how to go about making observations of these different types of rock data. In this guide mineral types will be explored in more detail including how to observe and record these variables. |
| Kille, I. (2020) Investigating Wall Stone (5) Categorising Sandstone Textures. WallCAP, Newcastle University : Newcastle upon Tyne. | |||
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| Filename | Investigating_Wall_Stone_5_Categorising_Sandstone_Textures.pdf (1023 kB) |
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| Description | A detailed description of the different types of textures to be found in sandstones and how to go about observing them. This guide is the final guide of three focusing on what may be observed within the Wall stones and how to go about making observations of these different types of rock data. In this guide grain size and shape will be explored in more detail including how to observe and record these variables. |
| Kille, I. (2020) Investigating Wall Stone (6) Glossary of Terms. WallCAP, Newcastle University : Newcastle upon Tyne. | |||
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| Filename | Investigating_Wall_Stone_6_Glossary_of_Terms.pdf (334 kB) |
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| Description | A list of technical terms used in the Investigating Wall Stone guides and a definition for each of them. |
| Kille, I. (2020) Investigating Wall Stone (7) Taking Things Further. WallCAP, Newcastle University : Newcastle upon Tyne. | |||
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| Filename | Investigating_Wall_Stone_7_Taking_Things_Further.pdf (287 kB) |
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| Description | This guide provides information to help take your understanding of the geology of the Hadrian's Wall area further. This includes a resources list and further reading. This guide is intended to help with further geological exploration, first as an explanation of some of the additional things that will be carried out as part of the Stone Sourcing and Dispersal Project and secondly to point towards resources that will help with further exploration of the subject. |
| Investigating Wall Stone (8) Checklist for fieldwork | |||
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| Filename | Investigating_Wall_Stone_8_A5_Checklist_for_fieldwork.pdf (265 kB) |
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| Description | Stone data checklist for fieldwork | ||
| Hill, P. (2020) Roman Masonry: A Beginner's Guide. WallCAP, Newcastle University : Newcastle upon Tyne. | |||
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| Filename | Roman_Masonry_guide_FINAL_3-0.pdf (4 MB) |
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| Description | This guide provide an introduction to the types of Roman masonry found around the Hadrian's Wall area, outlining the tools and techniques used by the Roman masons, together with a guide to recording stones. Where possible, terms are supported with illustration to provide a clear visual example. Terms found in the glossary are italicised in the main text, for the benefit of the reader. The guide has been prepared in support of work undertaken for the Stone Sourcing and Dispersal (SSD) strand for the Hadrian's Wall Community Archaeology Project (WallCAP), hosted by Newcastle University and supported by the National Lottery Heritage Fund. All images are copyright of the author, unless otherwise indicated. The guide is intended to be an introductory text, to provide a handy reference work while in the field or in the comfort of home, without the expectation that the reader already has a degree in Roman archaeology. However, there is an assumption that the reader is familiar with the basics of Hadrian's Wall. |
| O'Donnell, K. (2021) Roman Quarrying at Hadrian's Wall: WallCAP Guide No. 10. WallCAP, Newcastle University : Newcastle upon Tyne. | |||
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| Filename | WALLCap-Quarrying-Guide.pdf (2 MB) |
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| Description | In order to build Hadrian's Wall, quarrymen would have needed to source over 1.4 million m3 of stone in a short time frame. At the moment, only seven Roman quarries have been identified through inscriptions, and it has been estimated that these would not have been able to produce enough stone for the Wall (ODonnell 2020). This may mean that a large number of the currently undated quarries in the Wall area were originally opened in the Roman period. This guide provides an overview of the different types of quarries, what kinds of evidence to look for when identifying quarries in the field, and a glossary of common terms. |
